# Strings

# String Literals

In JavaScript, a string literal is any number characters (letters, numbers or special characters) surrounded by a set of quotes (either single or double).

const animal = 'dog'
const phone = '555-555-5555'

# Concatenation Operator

The term concatenation refers to the combining of two or more strings together. In JavaScript, this is accomplished by use of the plus sign (+) . Concatenation can be used with string literals, numbers and variables.

const greeting = 'Hello, ' + 'world'

const pet = 'dogs'
const number = 3

console.log('I have ' + number + ' ' + pet + '.')

When concatenating, JavaScript will attempt to convert all values to strings. Furthermore, because the plus sign (+) is also use for addition, this can cause unexpected results when working with strings and numbers.

const add = 2 + 1 // 3
const cat = '2' + 1 // 21

# Concatenation Method

The concat() method can be used to concatenate strings to the calling string.

const greeting = 'Hello'
const name = 'Ted'

greeting.concat(' ', name) // Hello Ted

# Template Literals

The template literal is a syntax for string literal that allows for embedded expressions and multi-line support. To create a template literal the backtick (`) is used to surrounded the string literal and any expressions.

const greeting = `Hello, World`

# Template Literal Placeholders

Template literal can contain placeholders (${expression}) which are used to embed contain an expressions into a string. Expressions can include variables, formulas or functions.

const name = 'Ted'
const game = `Have you met ${name}?`

const a = 5
const b = 3
const product = `The product of a and b is ${a * b}`